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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation, but...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

Cryptococcosis in children.

Cecília Bittencourt Severo1, Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Alexandra Flávia Gazzoni

  • 1Laboratório de Micologia da Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar de Porto Alegre, Brazil. cicasevero@hotmail.com

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcosis, a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, affects both immunocompromised and healthy individuals. This review focuses on pediatric cases in Brazil, comparing outcomes in subtropical and equatorial climates.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by encapsulated yeasts, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.
  • It primarily affects individuals with T-cell deficiencies but can also occur in immunocompetent hosts.
  • The disease spectrum ranges from pulmonary lesions to disseminated meningoencephalitis, with increased incidence post-AIDS emergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, and outcomes of cryptococcosis in children.
  • To emphasize pediatric cases in Brazil, comparing clinical features and outcomes between subtropical (Porto Alegre) and equatorial (Belem) regions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pediatric cryptococcosis.
  • Comparative analysis of cases from distinct climatic regions in Brazil.

Main Results:

  • Cryptococcosis occurs less frequently in children than adults.
  • Clinical presentation and outcomes may vary based on geographic location and climate within Brazil.
  • T-cell deficiencies represent a significant predisposing factor.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptococcosis in children requires careful consideration of host immune status and geographic factors.
  • Regional climatic differences may influence the epidemiology and presentation of pediatric cryptococcosis in Brazil.