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Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Histone modifications, DNA methylation, and schizophrenia.

David P Gavin¹, Rajiv P Sharma

¹The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|November 3, 2009

Summary

Epigenetic alterations in schizophrenia may impair chromatin regulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) offer a model to study these dynamic changes and potential treatment responses.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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Published on: January 26, 2018

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

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Published on: September 7, 2017

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Schizophrenia is linked to epigenetic changes affecting gene transcription.
Postmortem studies show altered epigenetic enzyme expression in schizophrenia.
Aberrant epigenetic coordination may cause reduced candidate gene expression in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a model for studying dynamic epigenetic processes in schizophrenia.
To investigate chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from schizophrenia subjects.
To explore the relationship between chromatin modification and treatment response in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

Developed a cell culture model using PBMCs from human subjects.
Utilized pharmacological agents to probe chromatin states.
Compared PBMC chromatin response in schizophrenia patients versus controls.

Main Results:

Schizophrenia subject PBMCs showed reduced chromatin opening response to specific agents.
This suggests a potential impairment in chromatin regulation in schizophrenia.
PBMC model facilitates pharmacological investigation of epigenetic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Dynamic epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in schizophrenia.
PBMC chromatin response may predict treatment efficacy.
Targeting epigenetic processes offers potential therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia.