Update on antiretroviral therapy in paediatrics

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Significant progress in diagnosing and treating pediatric HIV infection has been achieved.
• Despite advances, new pediatric HIV infections remain a global concern, with over 1150 daily cases, predominantly in developing countries.
• Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the primary route of infection in children.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current management strategies for HIV infection in infants and children.
• To highlight ongoing challenges and necessary efforts in optimizing treatment and care for pediatric HIV.
• To emphasize the importance of preventing opportunistic infections and addressing long-term psychosocial consequences.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing current knowledge and research on pediatric HIV management.
• It draws upon data and recommendations from global health organizations (e.g., WHO).
• The review focuses on antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infection prevention, and psychosocial support.

Main Results:

• Comprehensive strategies have reduced MTCT in Western countries, but further reductions are needed globally.
• Prompt initiation of potent and tolerable first-line antiretroviral therapy is central to effective management.
• Opportunistic infections, adherence, and psychosocial factors are increasingly critical considerations.

Conclusions:

• Continued efforts are required to further reduce MTCT and optimize care for HIV-infected children.
• Personalized interventions and new strategies are necessary to improve outcomes.
• Effective management necessitates a holistic approach, including timely treatment, infection prevention, and psychosocial support.