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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Analyzing Tumor Gene Expression Factors with the CorExplorer Web Portal
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Published on: October 11, 2019

Field effect in cancer-an update.

Hong Chai1, Robert E Brown

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School-Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The field effect in cancer, observed in 1953, involves molecular changes in normal-appearing tissues, potentially driven by genetic or epigenetic alterations. Understanding these field effect biomarkers aids in cancer prevention and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The field effect concept in cancer originated from observations of multiple primary oral squamous cell carcinomas.
  • Modern molecular technologies enable exploration of molecular abnormalities in histologically normal tissues.
  • Field effect biomarkers have been identified across various organs, including head and neck, colon, breast, and lung.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting genetic and epigenetic hypotheses of the cancer field effect.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the field effect in carcinogenesis and its mechanisms.
  • To discuss the clinical applications of field effect biomarkers in cancer prevention, surgery, and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the field effect in cancer.

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  • Analysis of evidence supporting genetic alteration hypotheses (stepwise mutations).
  • Analysis of evidence supporting epigenetic alteration hypotheses (e.g., DNA hypermethylation).

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supports both stepwise genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications as mechanisms for the field effect.
    • The field effect is implicated in carcinogenesis across multiple organ systems.
    • Field effect biomarkers show potential for clinical utility.

    Conclusions:

    • The field effect is a significant factor in carcinogenesis, involving both genetic and epigenetic changes.
    • Further research into field effect mechanisms can inform cancer prevention strategies.
    • Field effect biomarkers hold promise for improving surgical decisions and patient prognosis.