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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...

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A Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Eating Disorder Analysis and Diagnosis
04:19

A Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Eating Disorder Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: May 10, 2022

Whither DSM-V?

Allen Frances1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA. allenfrances@vzw.blackberry.net

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) aims for a paradigm shift but may cause false positive epidemics. A more modest approach involves revising descriptions and aligning with ICD-11 for a unified diagnostic system.

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Published on: November 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Diagnostic Systems
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) development aimed for a significant paradigm shift in psychiatric diagnosis.
  • Initial goals included basing diagnoses on biological markers, which proved unattainable.
  • Current efforts focus on dimensional ratings and diagnosing prodromal/subthreshold disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the DSM-V's developmental trajectory and its potential consequences.
  • To propose an alternative, more modest approach to psychiatric diagnostic reform.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of the DSM-V development process and its proposed changes.
  • Assessment of the potential impact of dimensional ratings and early disorder diagnoses.
  • Comparative review of DSM-V and International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) approaches.

Main Results:

  • The DSM-V's ambition for a biological marker-based paradigm shift is currently unattainable.
  • The shift towards dimensional ratings and early disorder diagnosis may lead to false positive epidemics and overtreatment.
  • Revising existing diagnostic text descriptions presents a more viable and less harmful alternative.

Conclusions:

  • The current direction of DSM-V development risks creating iatrogenic epidemics.
  • A more pragmatic approach involves refining descriptive diagnostic criteria.
  • Collaborating with ICD-11 to create a unified, nested diagnostic system is recommended for both DSM-V and ICD-11.