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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
09:58

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Published on: May 6, 2016

Case Report: CSF pseudocyst in the breast.

L Dayananda1, G A Karthik, D G Santhosh Kumar

  • 1Department of Radiology, Narayana Hrudayalaya, No. 258/A, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore - 560 099, India.

The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocysts are rare breast conditions, often linked to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt complications from surgery or mammograms. Prompt identification of fluid near the shunt is key for diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are neurosurgical devices used to treat hydrocephalus.
  • Complications can arise from VP shunts, necessitating awareness among medical professionals.

Observation:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pseudocysts are an uncommon but recognized complication.
  • These pseudocysts can manifest in extraneural locations, including the breast.

Findings:

  • Breast CSF pseudocysts typically result from iatrogenic damage to VP shunts.
  • Damage may occur during procedures like mammography or breast augmentation surgery.

Implications:

  • Radiologists and surgeons should consider CSF pseudocysts in breast fluid collections near VP shunts.
  • Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications.