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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.

Thomas Bardin1, Pascal Richette

  • 1Fédération de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France. thomas.bardin@lrb.aphp.fr

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an iatrogenic disease linked to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdBCAs). Reducing GdBCAs in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease significantly lowers NSF incidence.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a severe condition affecting patients with renal disease.
  • Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdBCAs) have been identified as a pathogenic factor in NSF.
  • Preventive guidelines for GdBCAs have been established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).
  • To highlight the role of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GdBCAs) in NSF pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the implications for patient management and preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on NSF and GdBCAs.
  • Analysis of studies linking Gd exposure to NSF development.
  • Examination of experimental data on Gd toxicity and fibrosis induction.

Main Results:

  • Gadolinium (Gd) presence in skin confirmed GdBCAs link, even in patients with no reported exposure.
  • Experimental studies replicated NSF in rats with gadodiamide infusions.
  • Linear GdBCAs, particularly gadodiamide, and high doses in angiography are associated with increased NSF risk.

Conclusions:

  • NSF is an iatrogenic disease primarily caused by GdBCAs.
  • Avoiding GdBCAs in patients with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease is crucial for reducing NSF incidence.