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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch01:15

Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch

The history of therapeutic communication can be traced back to Florence Nightingale, who emphasized the importance of developing trusting relationships with patients. She taught that the presence of nurses with patients results in therapeutic healing.
Therapeutic communication is not the same as social interaction. Social interaction has no goal or purpose and consists of casual information sharing, whereas therapeutic communication has a plan or purpose for the conversation. Therapeutic...
Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

Barriers to Effective Communication I

A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this barrier...
Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing01:23

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
11:25

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

On the problem of listening while talking.

Erik Borg1, Dan Gustafsson, Christina Bergkvist

  • 1Audiological Research Centre (Ahlse'ns), Orebro, Sweden. erik.borg@orebroll.se

Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology
|November 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study modified a vocalization masking technique. Female voices masked external speech more effectively than male voices, particularly impacting those with high-frequency hearing loss.

Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Speech Science
  • Psychoacoustics

Background:

  • Understanding vocalization masking is crucial for auditory perception.
  • The Gauffin and Sundberg technique provides a framework for assessing vocal masking.
  • Hearing impairment can alter an individual's perception of their own voice's masking effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To modify and evaluate the Gauffin and Sundberg technique for assessing vocalization masking.
  • To investigate the masking effects of the vocalized /a:/ on narrow-band noise and speech.
  • To compare masking differences between male and female voices and their impact on hearing-impaired individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Modified the Gauffin and Sundberg masking assessment technique.
  • Tested 22 normal-hearing and 20 hearing-impaired subjects.

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A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

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Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
11:25

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

Published on: October 11, 2010

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07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

  • Measured masking of narrow-band noise (250-8,000 Hz) and speech using vocalized /a:/.

    • Main Results:

    • Female voices were approximately 4 dB more effective at masking external speech than male voices.
    • Female voices exhibited a high-frequency masking bias, while male voices showed a low-frequency bias.
    • Individuals with high-frequency hearing loss were disproportionately affected by self-generated vocal masking.

    Conclusions:

    • Vocalization masking differs between sexes and has frequency-specific characteristics.
    • Hearing impairment, especially high-frequency loss, exacerbates the negative impact of vocal masking.
    • Findings have implications for understanding communication in group settings and for auditory rehabilitation strategies.