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Coping and defence mechanisms: what's the difference?--second act.

Ueli Kramer1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry-CHUV, Institute of Psychotherapy, University of Lausanne, Site de Cery, Prilly-Lausannne, Switzerland. ueli.kramer@chuv.ch

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Summary

Differentiating psychological coping and defence mechanisms requires understanding their overlapping processes. Recent models clarify distinctions in consciousness, function, and adaptiveness, guiding future research perspectives.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychological Adaptation

Background:

  • Differentiating coping and defence mechanisms has been a persistent challenge in psychological research.
  • Existing research often conflates these adaptational processes, leading to confusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically disentangle coping and defence mechanisms based on Cramer's work.
  • To re-address key issues like consciousness, intentionality, functionality, adaptiveness, and trait vs. state in differentiating these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search for theoretical models differentiating defence and coping.
  • Focused on models that address implications of consciousness, functionality, adaptiveness, and stability.
  • Included only theoretical models, not requiring empirical evidence.

Main Results:

  • Integrative models offer a nuanced view: coping involves conscious/unconscious efforts, both serve similar functions.
  • Adaptiveness differs qualitatively (defences) and quantitatively (coping); stability needs empirical exploration.
  • Underlying fear and competence/internal determinants differentiate coping and defence.

Conclusions:

  • Proposes research perspectives for differentiating defence and coping concepts.
  • Highlights the utility of observer-rating methodology in future research.