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Related Concept Videos

Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Endoreplication: polyploidy with purpose.

Hyun O Lee1, Jean M Davidson, Robert J Duronio

  • 1Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.

Genes & Development
|November 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endopolyploidy, a process where cells become polyploid, is essential for development and physiology in plants and animals. This review explores endoreplication

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Published on: March 15, 2018

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07:27

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multicellular organisms exhibit diverse cell types, including polyploid cells.
  • Endopolyploidy, a variant cell cycle, is widespread and crucial for development and physiology.
  • Endoreplication is the term for cell cycle variations leading to polyploidy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endoreplication in plant and animal development.
  • To discuss endoreplication in response to physiological stress.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying endoreplication and its link to cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endoreplication in plants and animals.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms driving endoreplication.
  • Discussion of endoreplication's physiological and pathological roles.

Main Results:

  • Endoreplication generates polyploid cells vital for specific developmental processes in diverse organisms.
  • Endoreplication can be induced by physiological stress.
  • Dysregulation of endoreplication may contribute to cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Endoreplication is a fundamental biological process supporting development and adaptation.
  • Understanding endoreplication mechanisms is crucial for developmental biology and cancer research.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on endoreplication across kingdoms.