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Type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis: common etiological features
Adam E Handel1, Lahiru Handunnetthi, George C Ebers
1Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|November 4, 2009
Summary
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) share common epidemiological and genetic features, suggesting overlapping environmental and genetic risk factors. These autoimmune diseases may illuminate each other's pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are typically viewed as distinct organ-specific autoimmune diseases.
- Research and clinical management for T1DM and MS have historically proceeded independently.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent epidemiological and genetic findings that reveal commonalities between T1DM and MS.
- To explore shared disease pathways and mutual insights into the pathogenesis of these autoimmune disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of current epidemiological data.
- Analysis of genetic association studies.
- Synthesis of findings on environmental risk factors.
Main Results:
- Identification of numerous shared features between T1DM and MS.
- Growing evidence suggests a substantial environmental contribution to the overlap.
- Striking parallels exist in the genetic risk components for both diseases, despite distinct genetic elements likely determining specific autoimmune manifestations.
Conclusions:
- T1DM and MS, while distinct, share significant epidemiological and genetic links.
- Environmental factors play a crucial role in the observed overlap.
- Understanding the shared pathways and distinct genetic risks offers mutual illumination for the pathogenesis of both autoimmune diseases.
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