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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Validation of a survey instrument to evaluate students' learning during community-based advanced pharmacy practice
Rosemin Kassam1, John B Collins
1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3. rokassam@interchange.ubc.ca
Objective:
To develop and validate a preceptor/student self-report survey instrument to distinguish between different advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) models based on pharmaceutical care competencies.
Methods:
The survey instrument's psychometric properties and differential impacts of 3 community-based APPE models were evaluated retrospectively.
Results:
Five dimensions characterized APPE learning: importance of 14 pharmaceutical care competencies; agreement with pharmaceutical care procedures in practice; gains in perceived pharmaceutical care abilities; and learning climate and preceptor support. Most of the survey instrument scales detected student/preceptor differences as well as differences in APPE model structures. A streamlined, 30-item short form was validated against the full 78-item survey instrument.
Conclusions:
This study confirms that APPE learning can be quantified to: (1) identify high-risk students, (2) train new or continuing preceptors, (3) promote skills-training for select pharmaceutical care competencies, (4) add clarity and structure to APPE learning objectives, and (5) provide students and preceptors with common frameworks for negotiating the APPE experience.
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