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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of Quiescent Stem Cell Populations from Individual Skeletal Muscles

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Published on: December 9, 2022

REST and the RESTless: in stem cells and beyond.

Vidya Gopalakrishnan¹

¹The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 843, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Future Neurology

|November 4, 2009

Summary

The repressor element (RE)-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) regulates gene expression in various cell types. This review explores REST

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

The repressor element (RE)-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), also known as the neuron-restrictive silencer factor, was initially identified as a key regulator of neuronal differentiation.
Emerging evidence highlights REST's involvement in maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal, as well as regulating mitotic fidelity in non-neural cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of REST signaling pathways.
To focus on REST's emerging interactions with noncoding RNAs and novel protein partners.
To elucidate REST's roles in embryonic stem cell self-renewal, cellular plasticity, oncogenesis, and tumor suppression.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes existing literature on REST function and regulation.

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It integrates findings on REST's interactions with cofactors, noncoding RNAs, and its role in various cellular processes.

The review discusses the impact of the microenvironment on REST-mediated gene expression.

Main Results:

REST activity is precisely controlled by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in a cell- and developmental stage-specific manner.
Dysregulation of REST levels or function is linked to various pathological conditions.
REST influences target-gene expression through context-dependent interactions with diverse cellular cofactors.

Conclusions:

REST plays multifaceted roles beyond neuronal differentiation, impacting stem cell biology, cellular plasticity, and cancer.
Understanding the influence of the microenvironment on REST signaling is crucial.
Further research into REST's novel interactions and its role in oncogenesis/tumor suppression holds significant therapeutic potential.