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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
11:30

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2022

Bone disease and hypercalciuria in children.

Joseph E Zerwekh1

  • 1Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8885, USA. Joseph.zerwekh@utsouthwestern.edu

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|November 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) show reduced bone density, likely due to increased bone resorption. Further research is needed to understand the causes of bone loss in pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria.

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Published on: February 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a condition affecting children, characterized by elevated calcium levels in urine.
  • Limited research exists on bone mass in children diagnosed with IH.
  • Existing studies indicate lower bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of these children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms contributing to bone loss in pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria.
  • To explore potential factors influencing decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in children with IH.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding bone loss in children with IH for preventing adult osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bone mass and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children.
  • Analysis of studies reporting bone mineral density (BMD) measurements (lumbar spine, femoral neck).
  • Examination of proposed mechanisms for bone loss, including bone resorption and formation markers.

Main Results:

  • Consistent findings of decreased bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH).
  • Evidence suggests increased bone resorption is the probable mechanism behind bone loss.
  • No studies have assessed biochemical markers of bone formation, but normal growth suggests it may not be significantly altered.

Conclusions:

  • Children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) experience reduced bone density, primarily linked to increased bone resorption.
  • Potential contributing factors to bone loss include genetics, diet, and altered cytokine production.
  • Further investigation into the mechanisms of bone loss in pediatric IH is crucial for optimizing peak bone mass and preventing future osteoporosis.