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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique
07:34

Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique

Published on: December 15, 2023

Neuroprotection in stroke.

Dheeraj Khurana1, Simerpreet Bal

  • 1Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores early ischemic stroke events and molecular pathways impacting cell survival. It also overviews neuroprotective strategies to combat stroke progression and improve outcomes.

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Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
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Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique
07:34

Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique

Published on: December 15, 2023

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
09:48

Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Published on: May 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stroke remains a primary global cause of mortality and long-term disability.
  • Current treatments like recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) have a narrow therapeutic window (3-4.5 hours).
  • Understanding early ischemic events is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical early-stage events in ischemic stroke.
  • To elucidate the pathogenic roles of specific molecules and metabolic pathways in stroke progression.
  • To present an overview of current and potential neuroprotective strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of early ischemic stroke mechanisms.
  • Analysis of molecular and metabolic pathways affecting cell survival.
  • Synthesis of information on neuroprotective agents and approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identified key molecular players and metabolic disruptions critical in early ischemic stroke.
  • Detailed the mechanisms by which these factors compromise neuronal survival and expand infarct size.
  • Summarized a range of neuroprotective strategies targeting these early events.

Conclusions:

  • Early cellular events and molecular pathways significantly influence ischemic stroke outcomes.
  • Targeting these specific pathways offers potential for novel neuroprotective therapies.
  • Further research into neuroprotection is vital to improve stroke treatment beyond the current rt-PA limitations.