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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts
13:16

Computed Tomography and Optical Imaging of Osteogenesis-angiogenesis Coupling to Assess Integration of Cranial Bone Autografts and Allografts

Published on: December 22, 2015

Osteoclasts are important for bone angiogenesis.

Frank C Cackowski1, Judith L Anderson, Kenneth D Patrene

  • 1Department of Medicine and Center for Bone Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Blood
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoclasts stimulate new blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) through matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Inhibiting osteoclast formation reduces angiogenesis, while MMP-9 is crucial for this osteoclast-driven process.

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Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
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Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair
09:34

Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair

Published on: September 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis are critical in physiological and pathological states.
  • The precise relationship and interplay between these two processes remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that osteoclasts actively stimulate angiogenesis.
  • To elucidate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in osteoclast-mediated angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Modulation of osteoclast formation in fetal mouse metatarsal explants and adult mice.
  • Assessment of angiogenesis using in vitro and in vivo models.
  • Evaluation of the impact of osteoprotegerin, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and Mmp9 knockout models.

Main Results:

  • Suppression of osteoclastogenesis dose-dependently inhibited angiogenesis.
  • PTHrP and RANKL treatments increased angiogenesis and osteoclast numbers in vivo.
  • Pro-angiogenic effects of PTHrP and RANKL were abolished in Mmp9(-/-) mice, highlighting MMP-9's essential role.
  • MMP-9 deficiency impaired osteoclast numbers and abrogated angiogenesis in response to stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoclasts are demonstrated to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo.
  • Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a key mediator of osteoclast-stimulated angiogenesis.
  • MMP-9's function in this context appears to involve modulating osteoclast behavior, likely migration.