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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

The dendritic cell life cycle.

Francesca Granucci1, Ivan Zanoni

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. francesca.granucci@unimib.it

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis after LPS exposure is crucial for immune regulation. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) isoforms c2 and c3 drive this process via a CD14-dependent pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key initiators of innate and adaptive immunity.
  • DC survival influences adaptive immune response efficiency.
  • Physiological DC apoptosis prevents autoimmunity and aberrant activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of DC apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • To investigate the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) isoforms in DC apoptosis.
  • To explore the CD14-dependent pathway initiating LPS-induced DC apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated DC apoptosis following LPS exposure.
  • Analyzed the activation of Src-family kinases, phospholipase C (PLC)gamma2, and calcium influx.
  • Examined calcineurin-dependent nuclear NFAT translocation.

Main Results:

  • LPS exposure triggers DC apoptosis involving NFATc2 and NFATc3.
  • This pathway is initiated by Src-family kinases, PLCgamma2, and Ca(2+) influx.
  • The pathway is CD14-dependent and independent of TLR4 engagement.

Conclusions:

  • NFATc2 and NFATc3 play a critical role in LPS-induced DC apoptosis.
  • CD14 exclusively initiates this pro-apoptotic pathway.
  • Understanding this mechanism is vital for immune response modulation.