Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Mimicking and Manipulating Pancreatic Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia in 3-dimensional Cell Culture
Published on: February 11, 2019
Editorial: One small step for metaplasia, but one giant leap for biomarkers is needed
Abstract:
There are 5 to 6 levels of biomarker validation. Those for Barrett's esophagus are currently at level 3, despite small prospective studies. What is ideally required is a very large prospective assessment of biopsies in large cohorts, such as the ASPirin Esomeprazole Chemoprevention Trial (AspECT) and Barrett's Oesophagus Surveillance Study (BOSS) trials, so that unbiased and random selection of cases can be subjected to rigorous pathology and biomarker assessment (level 4). Only then can the predictive power of the data be exploited in a randomized intervention trial (level 5) whereby a series of biomarkers would trigger therapy. The real trouble is that this spot is currently occupied, satisfactorily according to some researchers, by conventional histological identification of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) as used in a recent randomized study of ablation in Barrett's esophagus (BE).
Related Concept Videos
Rate-Determining Steps
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
Steps in Outbreak Investigation
Steps in the Modeling Process
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Steps for Free-Body Diagram
To find the acceleration of the system, it is first necessary to calculate the net force on the system. In order to accomplish this, a free-body diagram can be created to...
Multi-Step Reactions
Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...

