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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice
03:25

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: February 24, 2023

The need for performance standards for continuous glucose monitors.

James H Nichols1, David C Klonoff

  • 1Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices offer real-time glucose tracking. Development of performance standards for these devices is crucial for clinical management and advancing artificial pancreas technology.

Keywords:
FDAglucoseguidelinesmonitorstandards

More Related Videos

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice
03:25

Simple Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: February 24, 2023

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Technology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) devices enable intermittent glucose management for insulin dosing.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices offer real-time interstitial fluid glucose monitoring, predicting trends with less pain and lower cost than SMBG.
  • Current guidelines exist for SMBG device evaluation, but not for CGM devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for standardized performance guidelines for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices.
  • To emphasize the importance of defining accuracy and trend prediction standards for CGM clinical utility.
  • To discuss the role of CGM standards in the development of artificial pancreas systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current glucose monitoring technologies (SMBG vs. CGM).
  • Discussion of the need for consensus guidelines for CGM device evaluation.
  • Examination of the collaboration between the Diabetes Technology Society (DTS), FDA, and CLSI in developing CGM standards.

Main Results:

  • CGM devices provide real-time glucose data and trend prediction, unlike intermittent SMBG.
  • There is a lack of established guidelines for evaluating CGM device performance.
  • Development of CGM standards is underway with key regulatory and standards organizations.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized performance evaluation is essential for CGM devices to ensure clinical reliability and safety.
  • Adopted CGM standards will set minimum performance requirements for manufacturers and define data utilization.
  • CGM standards are pivotal for the advancement of artificial pancreas technology and future diabetes management innovations.