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Related Concept Videos

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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine: an overview.

Salvatore Salomone1, Filippo Caraci, Anna Capasso

  • 1Department of Pharmacology University of Catania.

The Open Neurology Journal
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine pathophysiology remains complex and under investigation. This review explores various theories on migraine pathogenesis, highlighting neuronal involvement and neurotransmitter interactions.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Published on: June 2, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Migraine pathophysiology is not fully understood, characterized by complex neuronal network interactions and neurotransmitter involvement.
  • Abnormal cerebral cortical excitability may predispose individuals to migraine by facilitating spreading depression and trigeminal system activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe various theories concerning the pathogenesis of migraine.
  • To consolidate current understanding of migraine pathogenesis, acknowledging the complexity of the condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theories on migraine pathogenesis formulated over the last sixty years.
  • Analysis of the role of neuronal components and neurotransmitters in migraine.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes multiple theories on migraine pathogenesis, underscoring the ongoing challenges in fully clarifying the condition.
  • Identifies generalized interictal abnormal excitability of the cerebral cortex as a potential factor in migraine pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine pathogenesis is complex, involving intricate neuronal interactions and neurotransmitter systems.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying migraine and its cardinal symptoms.