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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Stone symptoms and urinary deposits.

Y M Fazil Marickar¹, Abiya Salim, Adarsh Vijay

¹Department of Surgery, Zensa Hospital, Trivandrum, 695009, India. fazilmarickar@hotmail.com

Urological Research

|November 6, 2009

Summary

Urinary stone patients often have symptoms, but this study found no significant difference in urinary deposits between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals were more common in symptomatic patients, while calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals were more prevalent in those without symptoms.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Urology
Nephrology
Crystalography

Background:

Urinary stone disease is commonly associated with pain, dysuria, and hematuria.
Patients may discontinue treatment upon symptom resolution, leading to recurrence.
Assessing urinary deposits can indicate stone activity regardless of symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine stone activity by analyzing urinary deposits in patients visiting a stone clinic.
To correlate the presence and extent of urinary deposits with the presence or absence of symptoms.
To investigate the relationship between specific crystal types and symptom presentation.

Main Methods:

Studied 418 patients with confirmed urinary stone disease.
Recorded the presence or absence of symptoms at presentation.
Collected and analyzed urine samples for red blood cells (RBC), pus cells (PC), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and phosphate deposits, scoring their extent (1-5).
Used logistic regression to correlate deposit scores with symptoms.

Main Results:

No statistically significant difference in overall deposit scores between symptomatic (mean 3.39) and asymptomatic (mean 2.99) patients.
Red blood cells, pus cells, uric acid, and phosphates showed no significant difference between groups.
Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) was significantly more prevalent in symptomatic patients (P < 0.05).
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was significantly more prevalent in asymptomatic patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Symptom presence or absence does not significantly alter the extent of urinary deposits in stone patients.
COD crystals, with their injury-prone morphology, may be linked to symptoms.
COM crystals, with a less injurious morphology, may be associated with asymptomatic disease.