Expression dynamics of secreted protease genes in Trichophyton rubrum induced by key host's proteinaceous components

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Molecular Biology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Trichophyton rubrum is a common cause of dermatophytosis, affecting millions globally.
• The molecular mechanisms of T. rubrum pathogenicity, particularly secreted proteases, are not fully understood.
• Secreted proteases are recognized as key virulence factors in T. rubrum infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the expression patterns and dynamics of secreted subtilisin (SUB) and metalloprotease (MEP) gene families in T. rubrum.
• To identify specific protease genes involved in T. rubrum pathogenesis under simulated host infection conditions.

Main Methods:

• Simulated host infection conditions were established.
• Relative quantification using real-time PCR was employed to analyze gene expression.
• Expression levels were assessed in response to keratin, collagen, elastin, and human skin sections.

Main Results:

• Keratin, collagen, and elastin induced the expression of similar protease genes.
• Protease gene expression patterns differed between individual protein substrates and human skin sections.
• Sub3, Sub4, and Mep4 showed distinct expression dynamics, suggesting their dominance during infection.

Conclusions:

• Sub3, Sub4, and Mep4 are likely the dominant secreted proteases during T. rubrum host infection.
• These identified proteases represent potential targets for novel antifungal therapies.
• The study provides molecular insights into dermatophytosis pathogenesis and suggests diagnostic markers.