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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
12:31

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

Published on: January 8, 2015

Androgens and the breast.

Constantine Dimitrakakis1, Carolyn Bondy

  • 1Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, CRC, Room 1-3330, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1103 Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA. dimitrac@mail.nih.gov

Breast Cancer Research : BCR
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Androgens normally inhibit mammary cell growth. Suppressing androgens with estrogen may increase breast cancer risk, suggesting testosterone could be beneficial in hormone therapy.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Androgens play physiological roles in women.
  • Their role in breast cancer is debated.
  • Existing data on androgens and mammary health are conflicting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical, genetic, and epidemiological data on androgens in mammary growth and neoplasia.
  • To clarify the role of androgens in breast cancer development.
  • To evaluate the impact of androgen suppression on breast cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical, genetic, and epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of data from human and nonhuman primate studies.
  • Evaluation of molecular defects in androgenic pathways in breast cancer.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological studies have methodological limitations, yielding inconclusive results.
  • Clinical and nonhuman primate studies indicate androgens inhibit mammary epithelial proliferation.
  • Estrogen treatment suppresses androgens, potentially increasing estrogenic stimulation and breast cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Androgens typically inhibit mammary epithelial proliferation and breast growth.
  • Estrogen-induced androgen suppression may elevate breast cancer risk.
  • Testosterone addition to hormone therapy might mitigate risks, but further evaluation is needed.