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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Pulmonary embolism in pregnancy.

Ghada Bourjeily1, Michael Paidas, Hanan Khalil

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA. GBourjeily@wihri.org

Lancet (London, England)
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of death in pregnant women. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital, despite risks, to improve outcomes for maternal health.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the primary cause of maternal mortality globally.
  • Pregnancy inherently increases venous thromboembolism risk due to hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and vascular damage (Virchow's triad).
  • Physiological changes during pregnancy can mimic PE symptoms, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for pulmonary embolism in pregnancy.
  • To emphasize the balance between diagnostic/treatment risks and the necessity of accurate PE management in pregnant patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pulmonary embolism in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations.
  • Discussion of risk stratification for prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary embolism poses a significant mortality risk to pregnant individuals.
  • Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions carry risks (fetal teratogenicity, oncogenicity, pharmacological side effects) that must be managed.
  • Risk stratification is essential for guiding appropriate prophylactic measures.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of PE in pregnancy is crucial for reducing maternal mortality.
  • Interventions must carefully weigh potential risks against the benefits of treating PE.
  • Personalized prophylaxis based on risk assessment is recommended.