Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Scaling01:26

Scaling

In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
Introduction to Scalers01:21

Introduction to Scalers

Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
Scalar...
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
Bending of Material: Problem Solving01:09

Bending of Material: Problem Solving

In this lesson, determine the ratio of the maximum bending moments applied to two metal pipes, given that both pipes can withstand a maximum stress of 100 MPa. Both pipes have an outer radius of 1.8 cm. Pipe A has an inner radius of 1.5 cm, and Pipe B has an inner radius of 1 cm. The ratio of the maximum bending moment applied to two metallic pipes, each with a different inner and outer radius, is determined by considering their dimensions. The inner radius of the first pipe is 1.5 cm, and for...
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...
Theorem of Pappus01:24

Theorem of Pappus

The Theorem of Pappus, also known as the Pappus–Guldinus Theorem, provides a geometric method for determining the volume and surface area of solids generated by the revolution of a plane region or a plane curve about an external axis. The theorem consists of two related statements. The first addresses the volume of solids formed by rotating plane areas, while the second addresses the surface area generated by rotating plane curves. Both results depend on the location of the centroid, which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An introduction to polygenic scores - methodological basics and recent advances.

Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V·2026
Same author

When to Adjust for Multiple Testing: A Unifying Guiding Principle.

Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift·2026
Same author

Polygenic modeling of genetic effects on both phenotypic mean and variance: distributional regression for BMI, blood and urine biomarkers in the UK Biobank.

Frontiers in bioinformatics·2026
Same author

Methodological guidance on clinical prediction models in mental health research.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same author

Machine learning-driven optimization of specific, compact, and efficient base editors via single-round diversification.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Effect of a polygenic risk score in patients with late-onset, early-onset, familial, or hereditary colorectal cancer.

JNCI cancer spectrum·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Growing Desmoplastic Three-Dimensional Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids from Co-Culture
03:42

Growing Desmoplastic Three-Dimensional Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids from Co-Culture

Published on: September 27, 2024

Should the PANSS be rescaled?

Michael Obermeier1, Andreas Mayr, Rebecca Schennach-Wolff

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) has a design flaw where the lowest score is 30, not zero. This impacts calculations of percent change and treatment efficacy, necessitating score adjustments for accurate analysis.

More Related Videos

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture
16:59

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

Published on: March 4, 2011

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
10:38

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens

Published on: February 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Growing Desmoplastic Three-Dimensional Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids from Co-Culture
03:42

Growing Desmoplastic Three-Dimensional Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids from Co-Culture

Published on: September 27, 2024

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture
16:59

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

Published on: March 4, 2011

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
10:38

DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens

Published on: February 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is widely used to assess schizophrenia symptoms.
  • Its current design, with item scores from 1 to 7, results in a minimum total score of 30, lacking a true zero point.
  • This absence of a natural zero complicates ratio-based calculations, such as percent change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically evaluate the implications of the PANSS's non-zero baseline on efficacy calculations.
  • To compare the traditional method of using uncorrected PANSS scores versus adjusted scores (subtracting 30) for percent change.
  • To determine the most appropriate statistical approach for analyzing PANSS data in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from a naturalistic study of 400 patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders.
  • Utilized simulated datasets to further investigate statistical properties.
  • Compared calculations of absolute scores, score differences, and percent change using both corrected and uncorrected PANSS scores.

Main Results:

  • Absolute score values and differences are unaffected by the PANSS design.
  • Calculations of percent change and related response criteria are significantly impacted.
  • Significance levels of estimated treatment effects vary based on data structure, particularly baseline symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional use of uncorrected PANSS scores can lead to inaccurate efficacy assessments and misinterpretation of treatment effects.
  • Adjusting PANSS scores by subtracting 30 before calculating percent change is statistically more appropriate.
  • A revised PANSS version with item scores ranging from 0 to 6 would resolve these statistical pitfalls.