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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

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In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
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Complex disease genetics: present and future translational applications.

Michael V Holmes1, Sonia H Shah, Aspasia Angelakopoulou

  • 1Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JJ, UK. t.shah@ucl.ac.uk.

Genome Medicine
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The British Atherosclerosis Society meeting focused on the genetics of complex diseases. Experts discussed advancements in understanding inherited factors contributing to conditions like atherosclerosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Genetics
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Complex diseases, such as atherosclerosis, arise from intricate interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of these conditions is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • The British Atherosclerosis Society convenes experts to discuss key research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the key themes and discussions from the British Atherosclerosis Society's autumn meeting in 2009.
  • To highlight advancements in the field of genetics related to complex diseases.
  • To foster collaboration and knowledge exchange among researchers in atherosclerosis and genetics.

Main Methods:

  • The report is based on presentations and discussions from a scientific meeting.
  • Keynote lectures and breakout sessions covered various genetic aspects of complex diseases.
  • Expert opinions and emerging research findings were synthesized.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress was noted in identifying genetic loci associated with complex diseases.
  • Discussions emphasized the role of gene-environment interactions in disease pathogenesis.
  • New methodologies for genetic analysis were presented and evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic research holds immense potential for unraveling the complexities of diseases like atherosclerosis.
  • Further investigation into genetic variations and their functional consequences is warranted.
  • Translating genetic discoveries into clinical practice remains a key future objective.