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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

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Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E outbreak on cruise ship.

Bengü Said1, Samreen Ijaz, George Kafatos

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, UK. bengu.said@hpa.org.uk

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 2008 world cruise outbreak revealed acute hepatitis E infection in passengers. Shellfish consumption, alcohol, and being male were linked to the common-source foodborne hepatitis E virus genotype 3 outbreak.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute hepatitis E infection is a significant public health concern.
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) outbreaks can occur through contaminated food and water sources.
  • Understanding transmission routes is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an outbreak of acute hepatitis E infection among passengers on a world cruise in 2008.
  • To identify risk factors associated with infection.
  • To determine the genotype of the hepatitis E virus involved.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiologic investigation including serologic testing (IgM, IgG) for hepatitis E.
  • RNA sequencing to identify the hepatitis E virus genotype.
  • Statistical analysis to determine associations between risk factors and infection.

Main Results:

  • Of 789 passengers tested, 195 (25%) were seropositive for hepatitis E. 33 (4%) had recent acute infection (HEV IgM positive), and 162 (21%) had past infection (HEV IgG positive).
  • Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 was identified, homologous to European strains.
  • Significant risk factors for acute infection included being male, alcohol consumption, and shellfish consumption (OR 4.27, p=0.019).

Conclusions:

  • The outbreak was likely a common-source foodborne transmission event.
  • Shellfish consumption and alcohol intake were significant risk factors for acute hepatitis E infection.
  • Male passengers were disproportionately affected by the outbreak.