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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Revised Method for Inducing Secondary Lymphedema in the Hindlimb of Mice
09:50

A Revised Method for Inducing Secondary Lymphedema in the Hindlimb of Mice

Published on: November 2, 2019

Lymphedema praecox.

Carina Rizzo1, Lisa M Gruson, Brent D Wainwright

  • 1Department of Dermatology, New York University, USA.

Dermatology Online Journal
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lymphedema praecox, a primary lymphedema subtype, presents with puberty-onset swelling and recurrent cellulitis. This review covers lymphedema subtypes, causes, and treatments for this rare condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Revised Method for Inducing Secondary Lymphedema in the Hindlimb of Mice
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Published on: November 2, 2019

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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Primary lymphedema encompasses a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by impaired lymphatic drainage.
  • Lymphedema praecox, a subtype of primary lymphedema, typically manifests around puberty with a slowly progressive course.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old male patient presented with asymptomatic swelling in the left arm and legs, beginning after puberty.
  • The patient experienced recurrent episodes of cellulitis, a common complication of lymphedema.

Findings:

  • The patient's clinical presentation and disease progression are consistent with lymphedema praecox.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing lymphedema praecox as a distinct entity within primary lymphedema.

Implications:

  • Understanding the subtypes, pathogenesis, and treatment of lymphedema is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Further research into the genetic underpinnings and therapeutic strategies for lymphedema praecox is warranted.