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Chapter 17: cognitive assessment in neurology.

Victor W Henderson1

  • 1Departments of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) and Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, USA. vhenderson@stanford.edu

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive assessment evolved from early 19th-century theories to sophisticated tools for neurological diagnosis. Modern neuroscience continues to enhance these methods for evaluating brain function and identifying neurological syndromes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The history of cognitive assessment traces back to 19th-century theories of mental organology and early studies of brain injury.
  • Key developments include the intelligence testing movement, with contributions from Binet, Terman, and Wechsler.
  • Pioneers like Head and Goldstein developed tests for specific neurological impairments such as aphasia and abstract thinking deficits.

Observation:

  • Early research focused on linking specific mental abilities to discrete brain areas.
  • The development of intelligence scales and performance tests provided tools for assessing neurological patients.
  • Specialized tests emerged for evaluating language, memory, visuospatial skills, praxis, and executive functions.

Findings:

  • Standardized cognitive instruments were developed for dementia assessment, marking a significant milestone.
  • A flexible, process-driven approach has historically characterized cognitive assessment in neurology for diagnosis.
  • Advances in clinical psychology and neurosciences continuously expand assessment capabilities.

Implications:

  • Cognitive assessment is crucial for neurological diagnosis and syndrome identification.
  • The evolution of assessment tools reflects advancements in understanding brain-behavior relationships.
  • Continued interdisciplinary progress promises richer diagnostic and evaluative options in cognitive neuroscience.