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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
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The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Different skeletal types underlying Class III malocclusion in a random population.

Christine Bettina Staudt1, Stavros Kiliaridis

  • 1Division of Orthodontics, Section of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. christine.staudt@unige.ch

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Most Class III malocclusions in young men have a skeletal origin, primarily due to mandibular prognathism or macrognathia. Understanding these skeletal types aids in treatment planning for malocclusion.

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Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Anthropology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Class III malocclusion is a common dental anomaly.
  • Understanding its skeletal basis is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the skeletal morphology of Class III malocclusion in a young male population.
  • To identify the primary skeletal contributors to Class III malocclusion.

Main Methods:

  • A random sample of 3358 Swiss Army recruits was screened.
  • Lateral cephalograms were analyzed for 57 individuals with Class III malocclusion.
  • Key cephalometric variables were measured to assess skeletal relationships and sizes.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal origin was identified in 75.4% of Class III malocclusion cases.
  • Mandibular prognathism or excess growth (prognathism, macrognathia) was the most frequent cause (47.4%).
  • Maxillary retrognathism or hypoplasia contributed in 19.3%, with dental compensations also noted.

Conclusions:

  • Class III malocclusion in this cohort is predominantly skeletal, driven by mandibular factors.
  • The identified skeletal types offer a framework for treatment planning and evaluating treatment outcomes.
  • This classification may also be valuable for future genetic studies of malocclusion.