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Updated: Jun 19, 2026
Application of a Dual Upper Limb Task-Oriented Robotic System for the Functional Recovery of the Upper Limb in Stroke Patients
Published on: October 11, 2024
Generalization of a modified form of repetitive rhythmic bilateral training in stroke
Claudia R Senesac1, Sandra Davis, Lorie Richards
1Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, USA. csenesac@phhp.ufl.edu
Objective:
To determine if a modified form of repetitive rhythmic bilateral training will generalize to two reach to target tasks.
Setting:
Testing and training were performed at the Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC in Gainesville, Florida.
Subjects:
Fourteen subjects with chronic stroke completed this study: 9 male, 5 female, mean age 64.4years, and a mean of 5.5years post-stroke.
Intervention:
Modified Bilateral Arm Training with Rhythmic Auditory Cueing (modBATRAC) was performed 4 sessions/week of 2.25h/session for 2weeks.
Main Measures:
End-point kinematic measures; hand path curvature, time to peak velocity, peak velocity, smoothness of the curve and acceleration using the Vicon motion analysis system during two reach to target tasks: (1) similar spatial demands (2) dissimilar spatial demands. An individual analysis was performed to investigate if there was any pattern of responding. Additionally, correlation analyses of kinematic and functional measures taken pre- and post-test were performed.
Results:
Improvements were found at post-test for hand path curvature, smoothness of the curve, and peak velocity and were equivalent across two reach to target tasks.
Discussion:
Generalization was found for both reach to target tasks for end-point kinematic aspects (PV, HPC, and number of Peaks) during modBATRAC training. There was a positive correlation with the significant kinematic variables (HPC and PV) and the functional measures used pre- and post-test in this study. This suggests that generalization may be possible through the practice of basic coordinated movements after stroke. These basic movements may provide the building blocks for more complex movement behaviors.
