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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

BMP2 signaling in bone development and repair.

Vicki Rosen1

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Vicki_rosen@hsdm.harvard.edu

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signal bone formation. BMP2 is crucial for bone regeneration and repair, as shown in studies removing osteogenic BMPs from mouse skeletons.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are recognized for their role in bone formation.
  • Recent research highlights the significance of specific BMPs in skeletal development and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of BMP2 in bone formation.
  • To summarize findings on BMP2's necessity in bone repair processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of studies involving genetically modified mice lacking specific osteogenic BMPs.
  • Review of current literature on BMP2 function in bone regeneration.

Main Results:

  • BMP2 has been identified as a fundamental factor in the intrinsic regenerative ability of bone.

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Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach
10:23

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach
10:23

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

  • Studies using knockout mouse models demonstrate the specific requirement for BMP2.
  • Conclusions:

    • BMP2 plays an indispensable role in bone formation and repair.
    • Understanding BMP2's function is key to advancing bone regenerative therapies.