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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Videos

Leptin levels in thyroid cancer.

Melih Akinci1, Funda Kosova, Bahadir Cetin

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Ankara Diskapi Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. melihakinci@yahoo.com

Asian Journal of Surgery
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Serum leptin levels are elevated in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC). Levels decreased after thyroidectomy but remained higher than controls, suggesting leptin’s association with thyroid cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Leptin influences multiple physiological systems and may impact carcinogenesis.
  • Elevated leptin is implicated in various cancers, warranting investigation in thyroid cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine serum leptin levels in patients diagnosed with thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC).
  • To assess the impact of total thyroidectomy on leptin levels in TPC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 43 female TPC patients and 30 healthy female controls.
  • Measured serum leptin levels pre- and post-thyroidectomy in TPC patients.
  • Utilized fine needle aspiration biopsy for TPC diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • TPC patients exhibited significantly higher serum leptin levels compared to controls (21.15 ± 14.12 ng/mL vs. 9.89 ± 0.21 ng/mL).
  • Leptin levels decreased significantly after total thyroidectomy (13.92 ± 10.55 ng/mL) but remained elevated compared to controls.
  • Leptin levels in TPC patients were directly correlated with the cancer group, independent of age, menopausal status, or occult findings.

Conclusions:

  • Serum leptin levels are elevated in thyroid papillary carcinoma.
  • Total thyroidectomy leads to a reduction in leptin levels.
  • Leptin may play a role in the carcinogenesis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.