Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
College counselors' perceptions and practices regarding anticipatory guidance on firearms
James Price1, Adam J Mrdjenovich, Amy Thompson
1The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA. jprice@utnet.utoledo.edu
Objectives:
This study assessed college counselors' anticipatory guidance on firearms for student clients.
Participants:
The membership of the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors was used to identify a national random sample of counseling centers (n = 361). One counselor from each center was selected to survey.
Methods:
In the winter of 2008, a 3-wave mailing procedure was used to maximize the response rate. Completed surveys served as consent (as approved by the University Human Subjects Committee).
Results:
A total of 213 counselors (59%) responded. They were unlikely to provide anticipatory guidance (6%), chart/keep records on client ownership/access to firearms (17%), or to counsel the majority of clients from various diagnostic categories on firearms.
Conclusions:
University personnel are likely to refer students with suspected mental health problems to university counseling centers. The findings indicate that few counseling centers will address firearm issues with students.
Related Concept Videos
Reliability and Validity
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth. This guiding role...
Bullying
Correlations
Cognitive Dissonance
Surveys
