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Assessing Collagen and Elastin Pressure-dependent Microarchitectures in Live, Human Resistance Arteries by Label-free Fluorescence Microscopy
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Small artery remodeling: current concepts and questions.

Jeroen van den Akker1, Marieke J C Schoorl, Erik N T P Bakker

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Vascular Research
|November 7, 2009
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Summary

Resistance arteries adapt their tone and structure, with tone influencing remodeling. This review explores continuous adaptation and plasticity in these vessels, highlighting future research directions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Blood flow regulation involves small arteries and arterioles adapting vascular tone and structure.
  • Vascular tone and remodeling of resistance vessels are increasingly recognized as interrelated.
  • Concepts of continuous resistance artery adaptation and plasticity are emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize concepts and approaches related to vascular organization and remodeling in resistance vessels.
  • To identify missing links and suggest future research directions in small artery adaptation.
  • To focus on the individual vessel level for understanding adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vascular tone and remodeling.
  • Discussion of isobaric and isometric approaches for isolated vessel studies.
  • Analysis of small artery wall components, mechanical properties, and cytoskeletal elements.

Main Results:

  • Vascular tone is a major causal factor in remodeling.
  • Actin reorganization and smooth muscle cell re-lengthening occur during remodeling.
  • Vessel wall inflammation plays a role in adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Small artery adaptation is a continuous process involving plasticity.
  • Quantitative, integrative approaches are advancing the understanding of mechanosensing and adaptation.
  • Physiomics descriptions of small artery adaptation in health and disease are a future goal.