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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Food allergy and intolerance.

Linda Hodge¹, Anne Swain, Kim Faulkner-Hogg

¹Asthma Centre, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales. linhodge@bigpond.net.au

Australian Family Physician

|November 7, 2009

Summary

This article explores adverse food reactions, including IgE-mediated food allergy and non-immunological reactions. It highlights the dietitian

Area of Science:

Dietetics and Nutritional Science
Immunology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining good health.
The primary health care team includes dietitians.
Understanding adverse food reactions is essential for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss adverse reactions to food.
To differentiate between IgE-mediated food allergy and non-immunological food reactions.
To contextualize food reactions within primary health care.

Main Methods:

Literature review on food allergies and adverse food reactions.
Discussion of immunological (IgE-mediated) and non-immunological mechanisms.
Explanation of the dietitian's role in managing these conditions.

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Main Results:

Adverse food reactions encompass a range of responses.
IgE-mediated food allergy involves specific antibodies.
Non-immunological food reactions have diverse underlying causes.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of food reactions is vital.
Dietitians are key in identifying and managing adverse food reactions.
Further articles in the series will explore specific conditions like coeliac disease.