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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

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Attention modulates auditory adaptation produced by amplitude modulation.

Takayuki Kawashima

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|November 10, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Attention significantly impacts auditory adaptation. Focusing on speech distractors, rather than the adapting sound, reduced the aftereffect, suggesting unattended amplitude modulation (AM) is less processed.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Auditory Perception
Psychoacoustics
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Auditory adaptation is a phenomenon where prolonged exposure to a stimulus reduces sensitivity to subsequent similar stimuli.
Attention plays a crucial role in sensory processing, but its specific influence on auditory adaptation, particularly concerning amplitude modulation (AM), requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of attention allocation on auditory adaptation induced by amplitude modulation (AM).
To determine if directing attention towards or away from an adapting stimulus influences the magnitude of the AM aftereffect.

Main Methods:

Listeners' amplitude modulation (AM) detection thresholds for a 2 kHz test tone were measured.
Thresholds were assessed after exposure to an adapting sound containing AM, presented concurrently with speech distractors.
Experimental conditions varied listener attention, directing it either towards the adapting sound or the speech distractor.

Main Results:

The magnitude of the AM aftereffect, measured as threshold elevation, was significantly smaller when attention was directed away from the adapting sound towards the speech distractor.
Conversely, attending to the adapting sound resulted in a larger AM aftereffect.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that attention modulates auditory adaptation to amplitude modulation (AM).
Unattended sounds, even those with AM, may undergo less detailed analysis compared to attended sounds, leading to reduced adaptation effects.