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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
The Nernst Equation02:59

The Nernst Equation

Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the nucleus...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...

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Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
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Nonequilibrium Fock space for the electron transport problem.

D S Kosov1

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 231, Blvd du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. dkosov@ulb.ac.be

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We introduce nonequilibrium Fock space and quasiparticles for quantum systems not in equilibrium. This approach aids in understanding electron transport and integrates with advanced quantum chemistry methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding quantum many-body systems in non-equilibrium steady states is crucial.
  • Existing theoretical frameworks often struggle with these complex systems.
  • Electron transport through interacting regions presents significant theoretical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theoretical framework for quantum systems in non-equilibrium steady states.
  • To introduce the concepts of nonequilibrium Fock space and nonequilibrium quasiparticles.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of this approach to electron transport phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the formalism of thermofield dynamics.
  • Developing a general theoretical approach for non-equilibrium systems.
  • Applying the theory to model electron transport through an interacting region.

Main Results:

  • A new concept of nonequilibrium Fock space and nonequilibrium quasiparticles has been established.
  • The utility of the approach is demonstrated through the example of electron transport.
  • The proposed method is shown to be compatible with advanced quantum chemical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides a powerful tool for studying quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium.
  • The concepts of nonequilibrium Fock space and quasiparticles offer new perspectives on non-equilibrium phenomena.
  • This approach facilitates the integration of quantum chemistry methods with non-equilibrium physics.