Why do paediatricians prescribe antibiotics? Results of an Italian regional project
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Published on: November 17, 2018
Maria Luisa Moro1, Massimiliano Marchi, Carlo Gagliotti
1Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale Emilia-Romagna, Area di Programma Rischio Infettivo, Viale Aldo Moro, 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy. mlmoro@regione.emilia-romagna.it
Insights
Pediatricians often misperceive reasons for antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Parental knowledge gaps and seeking care for minor illnesses contribute to antibiotic overuse in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- High antibiotic prescription rates for pediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in a northern Italian region necessitate investigation.
- Understanding prescription determinants is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the factors influencing antibiotic prescribing practices in pediatric care for RTIs.
- To identify discrepancies between perceived and actual determinants of antibiotic use.
Main Methods:
- A two-step survey involving family and hospital pediatricians, and parents across the Emilia-Romagna region.
- Phase I: Explored knowledge and attitudes. Phase II: Assessed patient care practices and parent expectations through a stratified sample of visits.
Main Results:
- Antibiotics were prescribed in 38% of 4352 suspected RTI visits.
- Pediatricians cited diagnostic uncertainty (56%) as a key reason for inappropriate prescribing.
- Parental expectations, though underestimated by pediatricians, were strongly associated with prescriptions (OR=12.8).
- Parental lack of knowledge about RTIs and antibiotics was prevalent (41%).
Conclusions:
- A significant gap exists between pediatricians' perceived and actual determinants of antibiotic prescribing.
- Inadequate parental knowledge and seeking care for minor infections contribute to antibiotic overuse.
- Simultaneous exploration of professional and parental perspectives offers valuable insights for intervention.
Background:
To investigate determinants of antibiotic prescription in paediatric care, as a first step of a multilevel intervention to improve prescribing for common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in a northern Italian region with high antibiotic prescription rate.
Methods:
A two-step survey was performed: in phase I, knowledge, and attitudes were explored involving all family and hospital paediatricians of Emilia-Romagna and a sample of parents. In phase II, patient care practices were explored in a stratified random sample of visits, both in hospitals and family physician's clinics; parent expectations were investigated in a sub-sample of these visits.
Results:
Out of overall 4352 visits for suspected RTIs, in 38% of children an antibiotic was prescribed. Diagnostic uncertainty was perceived by paediatricians as the most frequent cause of inappropriate prescription (56% of 633 interviewed paediatricians); but, rapid antigen detecting tests was used in case of pharyngitis/pharyngotonsillitis by 36% and 21% of family and hospital paediatricians only. More than 50% of paediatricians affirmed to not adopt a "wait and see strategy" in acute otitis. The perceived parental expectation of antibiotics was not indicated by paediatricians as a crucial determinant of prescription, but this perception was the second factor most strongly associated to prescription (OR = 12.8; 95% CI 10.4-15.8), the first being the presence of othorrea. Regarding parents, the most important identified factors, potentially associated to overprescribing, were the lack of knowledge of RTIs and antibiotics (41% of 1029 parents indicated bacteria as a possible cause of common cold), and the propensity to seek medical care for trivial infections (48% of 4352 children accessing ambulatory practice presented only symptoms of common cold).
Conclusion:
A wide gap between perceived and real determinants of antibiotic prescription exists. This can promote antibiotic overuse. Inadequate parental knowledge can also induce inappropriate prescription. The value of this study is that it simultaneously explored determinants of antimicrobial prescribing in an entire region involving both professionals and parents.
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