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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
07:47

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research

Published on: December 25, 2021

Circulating tumor cells and individualized chemotherapy.

Shao-Rong Yu1, Jia Wei, Xiao-Ping Qian

  • 1The Cancer Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, P. R. China.

AI Zheng = Aizheng = Chinese Journal of Cancer
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood show promise for personalized cancer therapy. Analyzing CTCs enables real-time gene expression profiling for tailored chemotherapy strategies.

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Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology
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Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology

Published on: November 14, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
07:47

Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research

Published on: December 25, 2021

Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology
09:45

Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are detected in the blood of cancer patients, particularly those with metastatic disease.
  • CTC analysis is rapidly advancing, offering significant potential for personalized chemotherapy.
  • The importance of CTC research is growing due to the feasibility of real-time gene-expression profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for detecting and enriching circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
  • To summarize the contribution of these CTC methods to the advancement of individualized chemotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CTC detection techniques.
  • Review of existing literature on CTC enrichment techniques.
  • Analysis of the integration of CTC detection and enrichment for clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • Various methods exist for CTC detection and enrichment.
  • These methods are crucial for enabling gene-expression profiling of CTCs.
  • CTC analysis facilitates the development of personalized chemotherapy regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating tumor cell analysis is a key development in oncology.
  • CTC detection and enrichment methods are vital for advancing individualized chemotherapy.
  • Real-time gene-expression profiling using CTCs holds significant promise for cancer treatment.