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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Decrease of Foxp3+ Treg cell number and acquisition of effector cell phenotype during lethal infection.

Guillaume Oldenhove1, Nicolas Bouladoux, Elizabeth A Wohlfert

  • 1Mucosal Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Immunity
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for immune balance but collapse during Toxoplasma gondii infections. This study reveals how T helper 1 (Th1) inflammation impairs Treg cell function and survival, leading to disease.

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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
07:17

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.
  • Toxoplasma gondii infection triggers strong inflammatory responses, particularly T helper 1 (Th1) cell polarization.
  • The interplay between Treg cells and Th1 responses in mucosal immunity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fate and function of Treg cells during oral Toxoplasma gondii infection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Th1-polarized immune responses impact Treg cell populations.
  • To identify factors contributing to immunopathogenesis in this model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a murine model of lethal oral Toxoplasma gondii infection.
  • Analyzed Treg cell induction, homeostasis, and function in vivo.
  • Assessed the role of key cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2).
  • Investigated the expression of transcription factors like T-bet and cytokines like IFN-gamma in Treg cells.

Main Results:

  • Treg cell numbers significantly decreased during Th1-polarized mucosal immune responses.
  • Mechanisms included impaired Treg cell induction and disrupted homeostasis.
  • Reduced IL-2 availability in the Th1 environment compromised Treg cell suppressive capacity.
  • Local dendritic cells and effector T cells induced T-bet and IFN-gamma expression in Treg cells.
  • This Th1-driven modulation of Treg cells contributed to immunopathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Strong Th1 cell polarization during Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to Treg cell collapse through multiple pathways.
  • Impaired IL-2 signaling and Th1-induced Treg cell reprogramming limit immune suppression and promote disease.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism of Th1 cell pathogenicity involving Treg cell suppression.