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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
11:53

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C

Published on: June 1, 2018

DNA methylation in embryonic stem cells.

Gulsah Altun1, Jeanne F Loring, Louise C Laurent

  • 1Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92103, USA.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) rely on DNA methylation for proper function. This review highlights methods for analyzing DNA methylation in ESCs, crucial for understanding pluripotence and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells with therapeutic potential.
  • Epigenetic regulation, particularly DNA methylation, is vital for controlling ESC pluripotence and differentiation.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation is linked to various diseases, increasing the need for advanced analysis techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review high-throughput methods for DNA methylation analysis.
  • To discuss recent findings from DNA methylation studies in ESCs.
  • To explore the role of DNA methylation in ESC pluripotence and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current high-throughput DNA methylation analysis techniques.
  • Analysis of published studies on DNA methylation in ESCs.
  • Focus on methods applicable to imprinted genes and X-chromosome inactivation.

Main Results:

  • Differential DNA methylation patterns are observed in pluripotence-associated genes (e.g., Nanog, Oct4/Pou5f1) between pluripotent and differentiated cells.
  • DNA methylation is a key regulator of gene expression, impacting ESC function.
  • Tight regulation of DNA methylation is essential for normal embryonic development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA methylation in ESCs is critical for advancing cell therapy, drug development, and disease modeling.
  • High-throughput DNA methylation analysis methods are essential for comprehensive studies in ESCs.
  • Further research into DNA methylation dynamics will provide insights into development and disease.