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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

[Hypersensitivity vasculitis].

Hiroko Nagafuchi1, Hidehiro Yamada

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Hypersensitivity vasculitis (HSV), also known as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, presents with skin purpura and joint pain, often triggered by medications or infections. This condition typically has an excellent prognosis and is usually self-limiting once the trigger is removed.

More Related Videos

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Published on: September 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Hypersensitivity vasculitis (HSV) is a condition characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgia, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis in skin lesions.
  • It is also referred to as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (CSVV), or allergic vasculitis.
  • Diagnosis often relies on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria.

Purpose:

  • To define the key characteristics and diagnostic criteria for Hypersensitivity Vasculitis (HSV).
  • To differentiate HSV from similar conditions like Henoch-Schönlein purpura.
  • To outline the typical clinical course and prognosis of HSV.

Summary:

  • HSV presents with palpable purpura and arthralgia, frequently linked to precipitating factors such as medications or infections.
  • Histopathological examination reveals leukocytoclastic vasculitis in affected skin lesions.
  • Systemic involvement is uncommon, and the prognosis is generally excellent, with most cases resolving after removal of the causative agent.

Impact:

  • Provides clear diagnostic criteria for HSV, aiding in accurate patient classification.
  • Highlights the distinction between HSV and Henoch-Schönlein purpura, important for predicting potential complications.
  • Emphasizes the generally favorable prognosis and self-limiting nature of HSV, informing patient management and expectations.