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Muscles for Facial Expressions

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Short-scar purse-string facelift.

Amir M Karam¹, L Mike Nayak, Samuel M Lam

¹Carmel Valley Facial Plastic Surgery, 4765 Carmel Mountain Road, Suite 201, San Diego, CA 92130, USA. md@drkaram.com

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America

|November 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The purse-string facelift offers a novel vertical approach to facial rejuvenation, improving jawline and neck appearance. This technique provides a more direct and secure method for repositioning facial tissues compared to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Facial Anatomy
Aging Research

Background:

Rhytidectomy is the gold standard for jawline and neck rejuvenation.
Aging causes tissue descent, necessitating effective rejuvenation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the purse-string facelift, a vertical facelift technique.
To present an alternative to traditional horizontal vector facelifts.

Main Methods:

Description of the purse-string facelift technique.
Vertical vector repositioning of facial soft tissues.
Suture anchoring to the zygomatic arch periosteum.

Main Results:

The vertical facelift counterbalances gravity and aging effects.
Facial soft tissues are repositioned into a more youthful position.
The purse-string technique offers operative expediency and secure suture anchoring.

Conclusions:

The purse-string facelift is an effective vertical rejuvenation technique.
It provides advantages over traditional horizontal facelifts.
Secure periosteal anchoring ensures lasting results.