The effects of unsupervised movement training with visual feedback on upper limb kinematic in persons with shoulder...

Persons with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) present impairments that can be improved following supervised movement training with feedback; however, retention is low. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if kinematic changes observed following supervised training can be maintained using unsupervised training with visual feedback. Thirty-three subjects with SIS participated in two visits, one day apart. Kinematic patterns of the upper limb were evaluated once during the first visit, immediately after supervised training; they were evaluated twice during the second visit, before and immediately after unsupervised training. Kinematic patterns were characterized by total excursion and final position during reaching. Unsupervised training consisted of reaching movements performed in front of a mirror. The day after supervised training, subjects with SIS used significantly larger trunk rotation and finished reaching with the trunk more rotated as compared to immediately after supervised training. Following unsupervised training, kinematics of the trunk was back to the level observed immediately after supervised training. Subjects who presented the largest kinematic deficits also significantly improved their shoulder and clavicular movements. Unsupervised training appears to be a good complement to supervised training in order to normalize the kinematic impairments of persons with SIS as compared to healthy subjects.