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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Researchers explored high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) in ultrathin cuprate layers. They discovered that HTS persists even in single atomic planes within these thin films, opening possibilities for new superconducting devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Investigating the minimum thickness for high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) in cuprates is crucial for fundamental understanding and technological applications.
  • Synthesizing near-perfect ultrathin HTS layers and characterizing their properties at interfaces with atomic resolution presents significant experimental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the thinnest possible cuprate layers that retain high-temperature superconductivity.
  • To investigate the location and nature of superconductivity at interfaces between cuprate metal and insulator layers.
  • To explore the potential for fabricating advanced HTS devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic-layer molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to synthesize bilayers of La(1.65)Sr(0.45)CuO4 (metal) and La2CuO4 (insulator), with each layer precisely three unit cells thick.
  • Incorporated isovalent Zn atoms as dopants to selectively suppress superconductivity and serve as markers for property profiling.
  • Employed techniques allowing for atomic-resolution profiling of superconducting properties, such as critical temperature and superfluid density, across interfaces.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized ultrathin bilayers of cuprate metal and insulator with atomic precision.
  • Demonstrated that high-temperature superconductivity exists within a single CuO2 plane at the interface.
  • Zn doping confirmed the location of superconductivity and provided insights into its suppression mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • High-temperature superconductivity in cuprates can be sustained at the ultimate limit of a single atomic layer (CuO2 plane).
  • The developed synthesis and characterization techniques are effective for studying interfacial superconductivity in ultrathin films.
  • This work paves the way for the design and fabrication of novel HTS devices utilizing atomically thin superconducting layers.