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Larynx

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
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Pharynx

Pharynx

The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

The larynx for neurologists.

Tanya K Meyer¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. meyertk@uw.edu

The Neurologist

|November 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers larynx anatomy and function, including phonation, breathing, and swallowing. Understanding these laryngeal roles aids in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders affecting the voice.

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Area of Science:

Laryngology
Neuroscience
Anatomy

Background:

The larynx is a complex musculocartilaginous organ vital for upper aerodigestive tract coordination.
It possesses intricate sensory and motor functions essential for life and communication.

Observation:

This review examines the larynx's phylogeny, anatomy, and diverse functions.
Key roles include phonation, deglutition, respiration control, and airway protection.

Findings:

Phonation, while crucial for human communication, is less vital for survival than other laryngeal functions.
Neurological dysfunctions such as Parkinson's hypophonia, vocal fold paralysis, and spasmodic dysphonia illustrate specific laryngeal impairments.

Implications:

A comprehensive understanding of laryngeal function is essential for early detection of neurological deficits.
Accurate evaluation and effective treatment of laryngeal dysfunction can be facilitated by this knowledge.