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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

Whole Body Regeneration

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

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Cell-free and cell-based approaches for bone regeneration.

Ericka M Bueno1, Julie Glowacki

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|November 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bone tissue engineering faces challenges in clinical translation, despite advances in scaffolds and stem cells. Biomimetic materials show promise for enhancing the body's natural bone regeneration capabilities.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Current bone augmentation methods (autogenous/allogeneic grafts, synthetics) have limitations.
  • Bone tissue engineering research explores scaffolds, stem cells, gene therapy, and signals for enhanced bone formation.
  • Optimal scaffolds require mechanical stability and support for osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and challenges of bone tissue engineering.
  • To identify key areas for improvement in translating research to clinical practice.
  • To highlight the potential of biomimetic materials in bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bone tissue engineering strategies.

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A System for Culturing Iris Pigment Epithelial Cells to Study Lens Regeneration in Newt

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  • Analysis of limitations in current scaffold materials (polymers, ceramics, composites) and cell-seeded scaffolds.
  • Discussion of challenges including cell sourcing, scaffold design, factor delivery, vascularization, and in vivo integration.

    • Main Results:

    • Despite proof-of-principle studies, bone tissue engineering has not achieved widespread clinical application.
    • Significant hurdles remain in cell sources, scaffold optimization, factor delivery, and achieving functional bone and marrow in vivo.
    • In vitro and animal models often fail to accurately predict clinical outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Translating bone tissue engineering to clinical practice requires addressing critical challenges in cell biology, biomaterials, and surgical integration.
    • Future directions emphasize biomimetic materials that leverage the body's intrinsic regenerative potential.
    • A shift towards understanding and controlling the host response at the implantation site is crucial for successful bone regeneration.