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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta (γδ) T Cells from Apheresed Human Product
11:51

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta (γδ) T Cells from Apheresed Human Product

Published on: September 22, 2021

Gamma-delta T-cell lymphomas.

Claudio Tripodo1, Emilio Iannitto, Ada Maria Florena

  • 1Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. tripodo@unipa.it

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
|November 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gammadelta T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are rare, aggressive cancers. This review covers hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) and primary cutaneous gammadelta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL), detailing their features, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are uncommon lymphoid neoplasms.
  • Gammadelta T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are extremely rare and aggressive subtypes (<1% of lymphoid neoplasms).
  • Gammadelta TCLs arise from gammadelta T cells, crucial for innate and adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and biological features of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) and primary cutaneous gammadelta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL).
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges associated with gammadelta TCLs.
  • To explore therapeutic perspectives for HSTL and PCGD-TCL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and biological characteristics of HSTL and PCGD-TCL.
  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques, including phenotypic and molecular methods.
  • Analysis of current and potential treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • HSTL presents insidiously with intrasinusoidal infiltration of spleen, liver, and bone marrow, showing poor chemotherapy response.
  • PCGD-TCL involves skin (epidermis or panniculitis) and can present with hemophagocytic syndrome, overlapping with other extranodal gammadelta TCLs.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on comprehensive phenotypic and molecular analyses.

Conclusions:

  • HSTL and PCGD-TCL are distinct but related aggressive gammadelta TCL entities.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis using advanced techniques is critical for effective management.
  • Further research into therapeutic strategies is needed for these rare lymphomas.