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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Physical Pendulum01:06

Physical Pendulum

When a rigid body is hanging freely from a fixed pivot point and is displaced, it oscillates similar to a simple pendulum and is known as a physical pendulum. The period and angular frequency of a physical pendulum are obtained by using the small-angle approximation and drawing parallels with a spring-mass system. The small-angle approximation (sinθ=θ) is valid up to about 14°.
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it describes the mass...

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The pedestrian watchmaker: genetic clocks from engineered oscillators.

Natalie A Cookson1, Lev S Tsimring, Jeff Hasty

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

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Biological clocks ensure periodic behaviors, but how they maintain stability amid environmental noise is unclear. This review examines fruit fly circadian rhythms and synthetic biology for insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Organisms rely on biological clocks for essential time-keeping functions.
  • Circadian oscillations are fundamental to physiological processes.
  • Maintaining clock stability against environmental unpredictability and biological noise is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of circadian oscillations.
  • To use Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for studying biological clocks.
  • To discuss the potential of synthetic biology in elucidating complex oscillatory systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of circadian rhythm research.
  • Focus on Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism.
  • Exploration of synthetic biology methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythms are crucial for adapting to daily environmental cycles.
  • Drosophila melanogaster provides a well-characterized system for studying clock mechanisms.
  • Synthetic biology offers novel approaches to dissecting biological clock complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding circadian oscillations is vital for comprehending biological time-keeping.
  • The fruit fly model has significantly advanced chronobiology.
  • Synthetic biology presents a promising avenue for future research into biological clocks.